Projects and Related Studies
Kyiv Institutional Buildings Sector Energy Efficiency Program: Technical Assessment
The government of Ukraine, through the State Committee of Energy Conservation (State Committee), is considering the implementation of energy efficiency measures in state and municipal institutional buildings in the city of Kyiv. The State Committee entered into an agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy to assess the efficiency potential of the institutional buildings sector in Kyiv. Results of this assessment would support a loan by the World Bank for implementing an institutional buildings sector efficiency improvement program in Kyiv.
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted an assessment of the institutional buildings sector efficiency resource, with the assistance of Tysak Engineering and the Agency for Rational Energy Use and Ecology (ARENO-ECO). The assessment consists of three primary tasks: evaluation of the institutional sector building stock in Kyiv, estimation of heat energy consumption in this building stock, and assessment of the cost-effective energy efficiency potential through retrofits to the buildings.
Buildings suitable for inclusion in a potential loan program were identified by means of a survey of owning organizations. Of the 1,678 buildings identified by the survey, education buildings make up the largest category with 1,296 buildings and a total of 6 million square meters of floor space. There are an estimated 339 healthcare buildings having about 1 million square meters of floor space. Forty three cultural buildings were also included in the survey with a total of 113 thousand square meters of floor space. Total floor space included in the survey for the institutional sector is 7.2 million square meters.
Of 17.7 Gcal of heat energy supplied to the buildings sector in the form of hot water for space heating and domestic hot water purposes, the share by sector is estimated as follows: residential sector 68%, institutional sector 16%, and commercial sector 16%. Although a literature review and professional experience indicate these estimates to be reasonable, uncertainty is high for these estimates. Of the institutional buildings included in this assessment, the educational category was estimated to represent about 84% of the total energy consumption.
Building types were analyzed by size and age subcategories to determine the cost-effective energy efficiency potential. Measures to improve energy efficiency were selected and applied to each subcategory to reduce space heating and domestic hot water energy use. Measures were selected based on the economic criterion of a 5-year or less simple payback. The measures include insulation (exterior, roof, attic, and pipe), weatherstripping, storm windows, radiator reflectors, controls (building and radiator level), low-flow showerheads, and faucet aerators. After measures were selected, the performance of the measure package was evaluated based on simple payback, internal rate of return, and net present value.
The estimated efficiency potential ranges from 20% of baseline energy use for art galleries and museums to 29% for theaters, or a weighted average efficiency potential of 26% for all buildings. The investment levels associated with the efficiency improvements range from $3.47 per square meter for schools to $6.21 per square meter for hospital administration buildings, or a weighted average investment of $4.31 per square meter. The total cost to install the efficiency measures is $31.1 million.
As a result of energy efficiency improvements, a reduction in energy bills of $1.7 million is estimated in the first year, increasing to over $9 million annually when the installation of efficiency measures is completed in the fifth year of the program. In addition to energy use reductions, annual emissions are expected to be reduced as follows: 332 metric tons of NOx, 232 metric tons of SOx, and 85,427 metric tons of CO2. None of the measures considered are expected to have negative health impacts or other environmental impacts.
Project contact: Thomas Secrest